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Our patient with mild hyperopia exhibits bilateral and symmetric idiopathic chorioretinal folds, shown on both the fundus photos and OCT images. Learning Points: Chorioretinal folds appear clinically as often subtle horizontal and oblique subretinal folds. There are extensive intra- and extra-ocular causes for chorioretinal folds. Typical idiopathic chorioretinal folds require no workup and usually cause… Read More

Our patient shows typical CMV retinitis with active fluffy white hemorrhagic retinitis and vasculitis. This patient is at high risk for severe vision loss due to both the optic nerve and macular center being threatened. Immediate intravitreal antiviral injections followed by systemic treatment were recommended. Learning Points: Cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV) is a usually devastating infection… Read More

This patient with degenerative retinoschisis has extensive refractile dots, thought to be Muller cell footplates, which are well-visualized in both the Optos pseudocolor and green channel images. This diabetic patient also has subretinal drusenoid deposits that are best seen with the green channel. Learning Points: Degenerative retinoschisis is virtually never prophylactically treated (see Byer 1986;93;1127-1137)…. Read More

Our patient’s retinal arterial macroaneurysm (RAM) is seen within the superonasal portion of the macular blood. Preretinal and dense intraretinal blood are the clues that a RAM is the cause. The RAM is confirmed on fluorescein angiography. Although usually singular, our patient may also have a second RAM inferiorly. Learning Points: A retinal arterial macroaneurysm… Read More

This woman has a history for both a congenital rubella infection and a positive family history for albinism in both an uncle and cousin. We think that she is likely a carrier for OA1 (ocular albinism type 1) given the presence of iris transillumination defects and pigmentary changes of the peripheral retina, although the fundus… Read More

This patient has choroideremia, an X-linked recessive chorioretinal dystrophy caused by mutation in the CHM gene. It is characterized by a pale appearing fundus with RPE and choroidal atrophy initially in the mid-periphery that gradually spread anteriorly and posteriorly. Learning Points: Patients with choroideremia often develop severe central and peripheral vision loss with night blindness…. Read More

This patient presented with a history of a left optic nerve meningioma that had been followed for years. The left nerve is markedly swollen. Extensive chorioretinal folds are present and best seen on angiography. A chronic subfoveal macular neovascularization (MNV) is noted, which we are observing since the lesion and vision remain stable at 20/400…. Read More

This patient with multiple retinal holes has a well demarcated retinal detachment. Learning Points: The normal neurosensory retina remains attached to the RPE due to numerous physiologic mechanisms including the inner (retinal vascular endothelium) and outer (tight junctions at the apex of the RPE cells) blood retinal barriers, hyperosmotic choroid passively drawing fluid into the… Read More

Our patient presented with bilateral multifocal serous retinal detachments, which are better seen on red-free fundus imaging and OCT. Unfortunately, we don’t have any further clinical information. Learning Points: Acute exudative polymorphous vitelliform maculopathy (AEPVM) is a rare condition characterized by acute vision loss from multifocal serous retinal detachment that later progress to subretinal vitelliform… Read More

Our patient has a choroidal hemangioma which is difficult to see in the Optos color photograph, but somewhat better defined in the red channel image. There is marked increased fundus autofluorescence inferior to the tumor, due to migrating subretinal fluid causing RPE alterations. OCT shows marked choroidal thickening within the tumor with subretinal fluid. Fluoroscein… Read More